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Educators can use Turnitin to configure assignments, upload rubrics, and invite students to post, review, and comment upon one another's work. The entire process can be scaffolded through drafts, discussion boards, and peer-review assignments. Students can upload essays from their desktops, Google Drive, Dropbox, or their institution's existing LMS, thanks to iParadigms' generous support for systems such as ANGEL, Blackboard, and Desire2Learn. When it comes to grading assignments, educators can review originality, peer comments, and grammar reports. They can also comment on, grade, and return essays—all without ever leaving the site's Document Viewer.

If I explored all of Turnitin's features, I would test the patience of the most dedicated readers. Instead, I'll structure this review around the real-world application of Turnitin tomy classroom. Beyond its impressive feature set, generous third-party integrations, and refined user interface, Turnitin deserves accolades because it does not require educators to reinvent the classroom to reap benefits.

Build a Class
To use Turnitin, you need an account. If you're affiliated with a high school or higher education institution, it's possible they already have a subscription. Turnitin claims to have accounts with more than ten thousand institutions globally. The service is likely too expensive for a teacher to shoulder on his or her own. However, when it comes to site licensing, I was quoted a fairly reasonable rate of $3 per student account. To put that price in context, an individual instructor's account at CheckForPlagiarism.net runs about $350 annually.

Once you've signed in, you need to build a class. Turnitin requires that you name it, tag it with subject areas and levels, and supply it with an end date. By default, Turnitin assigns the day you created your class as the start date, though you can change start and end dates at any time. Your students will also need the class password in order to pair their accounts with your class.

Let's pause here. If you think asking students to set up their Turnitin accounts sounds like a terrific way to cultivate a migraine, you're probably right. I've had trouble just coaxing my students to use Dropbox folders. With Turnitin, I prefer to create accounts for my students. That's not as onerous as it sounds, as account creation is simple: All you need is the student's name and email address. In fact, you can even upload a student list to batch create accounts for an entire class.

Post an Assignment
Clicking on a class brings you to a page where you can add assignments. Turnitin supports four different kinds of assignments: traditional essays (Paper); peer review (PeerMark); revisions (Revision), and expositions (Reflections). When I teach Composition/Rhetoric, I know how many essays and revision assignments I will assign over the course of the semester. What I may not know is what they will look like or how I might tailor them to the needs of each class. Turnitin is remarkably accommodating. To begin, I only need an assignment title, some kind of assignment weight, and several dates (start, end, and post dates).

Type A instructors (not me) can, however, map out the intricacies of their syllabi ahead of time. For example, for dates, Turnitin enables you to distinguish between when an assignment ends (i.e., after which the essay is marked late) and when a student can see her grade. You can also control what features apply to which assignments. Do you want to allow students to see originality reports, and will you exclude quoted or bibliographic material from those reports? Do you want Turnitin to automatically evaluate grammar using the ETS e-rater? Do you have a rubric or set of instructions that you want to tether to an assignment? For me, the answer is, typically, not yet. That's fine. Just as you can add students at any time, you can add details to existing assignments whenever you please.

Run a Report
I began using Turnitin with the explicit intention of running originality reports. I had several questionable student essays, and my default method of corroborating academic dishonesty (Googling suspicious phrases) was inefficient and inconclusive. I found that I could upload papers into Turnitin once I created an assignment. Consider assignments the load-bearing beams of Turnitin; once you've got one, you can build out other tiers of functionality.

My first step was to manually upload dubious papers as a non-enrolled student. I now ask all of my students to upload their final papers directly into Turnitin. The website allows them to upload documents from their desktop, Dropbox, or Google Drive. Strong third-party support is particularly useful: I use Google Drive for living documents (e.g., sign-up sheets) and Dropbox for essay drafts. Once students have finished drafting work, they can upload it directly from Dropbox to Turnitin, at which point I receive a notification of the submission (via the Dashboard).

Within two minutes of submission, Turnitin creates something called an Originality Report. (The site can also produce Grammar reports via the ETS e-rater). The originality report assigns a percentage: the higher the number, the more derivative the essay (more or less). An essay with an originality score of 20 may or may not suffer from instances of academic dishonesty; a score of 50 likely will. The percentages aren't foolproof, however. Unless you deactivate several settings, Turnitin will automatically factor quotations and bibliographic citations into its score, possibly inflating it alarmingly.

More important is the granular information available in the Document Viewer. When you launch the viewer you can see the entire document as it was uploaded. Turnitin color-codes derivative passages. You can browse by sources (if there's more than one) or simply scroll through the document's pages. Clicking on an annotation lets you see an excerpt of the source text. You can place that text in context by clicking Full Source View, and, if you intend to allow your students to use one source liberally, you can exclude it from assessment using the Excluded Sources tab. Turnitin's originality reports enable you to see exactly which parts of an essay are derivative and from where each is derived without leaving the Document Viewer.

In some instances, however, the source text may be unavailable. Turnitin doesn't just Web-search text; it probes academic repositories and private databases. Those repositories and databases can even be written in different languages. With support for a dozen languages, from Spanish to Simplified Chinese, Turnitin offers global comparison. If a repository is private—as is the case with student papers uploaded into Turnitin—you can request access to the original text without leaving the Document Viewer. In my experience, I received access to about half my responses, typically within a business day. I also used the service to catch a plagiarist: in this case, a student who'd reused one of his own papers from high school.

Mark It Up
As I have already suggested, I tend to integrate numerous electronic platforms into my classroom, and I'm reluctant to invest too heavily in one—even one I like as much as Turnitin. That said, I'm sold on Turnitin's ability to assess research essays and to synthesize peer edits, originality reports, and my comments into a coherent document. All this combines to save me tremendous amounts of time when it comes to grading, with Turnitin's online grading component, GradeMark.

With GradeMark, you can drag-and-drop commonly used comments, known as QuickMarks, into student documents. Turnitin sorts QuickMarks by categories (e.g. Usage, Composition, and Format) and allows you to create your own commonly used tags. At first I thought this was burdensome, but the more I graded with the Document Viewer, the more I came to terms with my predictability. Once I noticed that I had made the same comment on several different essays (requesting greater specificity), I decided to save it as a new QuickMark. Sometimes I skip QuickMarks altogether and simply free-write in document margins. If you do a lot of this, there's even a free Turnitin for iPad app should you prefer a more tactile experience.

Turnitin supports end comments of two kinds. You can leave up to a 5,000-character comment (about half the length of this review) or a three-minute voice comment. I have begun to use voice comments to highlight the takeaways of end comments. Some students better internalize aural feedback. I have also started to upload rubrics into PeerMark in order to help arbitrate grade disputes. For my own records, I export graded research papers as PDFs; although those files do not retain audio comments, they do incorporate originality reports, peer review, rubrics, as well as my marginalia and end comments.

Best in Class
In the context of educational licensing Turnitin offers a compelling price point, though for an individual it may be pricey, especially for several classes. If your school offers Turnitin, it's absolutely priceless. Rigorous originality reports are just one facet of this course-managing, peer-reviewing, online-grading platform. After nearly two decades of development, Turnitin has matured into an unrivaled leader in student learning services. Turnitin easily earns an Editors' Choice award for its seamless interoperation with existing learning management systems, mature user interface, palatial feature set, and best-in-class originality reports.